Instructions: Although not native to India asafoetida has for ages been an essential part of indian cookery and medicine. It was also believed to enhance the musicality of the voice. It is said that in the days of the Mughal aristocracy the court singers of Agra and Delhi would wake before dawn eat a spoonful of asafoetida with butter and practice on the banks of the river Yamuna. Asafoetida gets its name from the Persian aza or resin and the Latin foetidus or stinking. Due to its offensive smell it is also sometimes referred to as devils dung.

How it grows
Asafoetida is the dried latex from the rhizomes of several I species of kra/a or giant I fennel. It is grown chicfly in Iran and Afghanistan from where it is exported to the rest of the world. IA India it is cultivated in Kashmir. Asafoetida is the product of a tail smelly perennial herb with strong carrotshaped roots. The 2 4m tall plant bears fine leaves and yellow flowers. In March or Apal just before flowering the stalks are cut close to the root. A milky liquid oozes out which dries to form asafoetida. This is collected and a fresh cut is made. This procedure lasts for about 3 months from the first incision by which time the plant has yielded up to 1kg of resin and the root has dried up.

Appearance and taste
Fresh asafoetida is whitish and solid and gradually turns pink to reddish brown on exposure to oxygen. It is ochre when sold commercially and the most widely used form is the fine yellow powder or granules. Foetida has a pungent unpleasant smell quite like that of pickled eggs due to the presence of sulphur compounds. On its own it tastes awful but it is added to most indian savouries as it can complete the flavour of a dish.

Buying and storing
Most commonh available boxed as powder or as granules asafoetida is also sold as a hard lump that needs to be crushed. It is best to buv a branded box of powder it is airtight and keeps the sulphurous odour of the spice locked in. Having a strong flavour asafoetida keeps well for up to a year

Medicinal and other uses
Asafoetida is said to help flatulence and it is also prescribed for respiratory problems like whooping cough and asthma. Some European cultures believe that a small piece of asafoetida tied around a childs neck will protect it from disease the fetid smell of the gum acting as a deterrent to germs. Despite its overpowering smell asafoetida is used in some perfumes.

Culinary uses
Its powerful aroma complements lentils vegetables and pickles. Asafoetida is used widely in south India a surprising fact considering that it does not grow there at all. It is always used in small quantities a tiny pinch added to hot oil before the addition of the other ingredients is enough to flavour a dish for 4. In India asafoetida is always fried to calm its overpowering smell

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